Meaning
Informal promise involves a commitment made by a leader that is not documented in any formal contract or board minute. These unrecorded assurances are common in the early days of a startup where speed and trust are prioritized over administrative rigor. They represent a significant risk to the future stability of the company because they rely entirely on the recollections and honor of the people involved.
Conflict Potential
Misunderstandings between founders and early employees often stem from different accounts of a verbal deal. Unrecorded assurances regarding equity, bonuses, future roles and board seats can lead to bitter disputes when the company reaches a major milestone or is sold. Without a written record, these disagreements are impossible to resolve objectively and can lead to lawsuits that drain the company’s resources and distract its leadership.
Governance Failure
Reliance on spoken words undermines the official structure of the organization and its accountability to investors. Unrecorded assurances create a shadow set of obligations that are not reflected in the company’s financial statements or cap table. This lack of transparency is a major red flag during a due diligence process, as it suggests that the founders have made promises they may not have the authority or the means to keep.
A professional investor will often insist on a complete cleanup of these informal deals before they provide capital, which can be a painful and expensive process that requires renegotiating with every person who holds a verbal claim.
Memory Reliance
Keeping track of all the small deals made over years of growth is a heavy cognitive load. Unrecorded assurances are easily forgotten by the person who made them but are rarely forgotten by the person who received them. The cost of this discrepancy is a breakdown in trust that can destroy the culture of the firm and lead to the departure of key talent.