Meaning
Cryptographic protocol that allows several participants to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private. Through multi-party computation, no single entity ever sees the complete set of raw data used in the calculation. It governs the privacy of the computation process but does not protect the data once it is decrypted for final use.
Privacy Preservation
Collaborative analysis of sensitive datasets often fails due to the risk of data leaks. By employing multi-party computation, different organizations can combine their insights without transferring their underlying records to a central server. This method protects the privacy of customers while allowing for statistical discovery.
Decentralized Control
Management of shared assets becomes more secure when no single person holds the entire authorization code. A system built on multi-party computation requires a threshold of participants to cooperate before a transaction can be signed. This prevents a single compromised account from draining a collective fund.
Computational Cost
Execution of these protocols requires significantly more bandwidth and processing time than a standard centralized calculation. While multi-party computation provides high security, the delay in reaching a result can limit its use in high-frequency environments. Organizations must weigh the value of total privacy against the energy and hours spent on the calculation.